{"articles":[{"reaction_config":[{"text":"Yes","color":"#624960","stance":"yes"},{"text":"Maybe","color":"#edb723","stance":"maybe"},{"text":"No","color":"#4ac6ec","stance":"no"}],"id":36329,"title":"How Can Congress Enforce a Subpoena?","html_content":"

by Causes | 11.5.19

Another day. Another House subpoena. Another Trump administration official saying they won’t comply with the subpoena.

Does Congress have any recourse? Read on…

First, what is a subpoena?

A subpoena is a legally-enforceable request for documents, data, or testimony. They’re typically used by litigants in court cases.

How can Congress enforce a subpoena?

First, lawmakers typically hold the offender “in contempt of Congress.” Usually the members of committee that issued the subpoena will vote on whether to pursue a contempt filing.
If a majority support the contempt resolution, the entire House (or Senate) will vote.

Ok, so they voted on a contempt resolution, now what?

Congress has three options:

Inherent contempt power

In 1821, the Supreme Court said that Congress has “inherent authority” to arrest – and detain – non-compliers until they comply with congressional demands.
Later, in 1827, SCOTUS ruled that the Senate acted lawfully when it sent its deputy sergeant-at-arms to Ohio to arrest the brother of the attorney general who was refusing to testify about the Teapot Dome bribery scandal.

Criminal contempt statute

This statute permits Congress to ask the U.S. attorney for Washington, D.C., to bring criminal charges against a recalcitrant witness.
As this would rely on Attorney General William Barr to assist Congress, it’s unlikely to occur.

Civil enforcement

This is the likeliest option—but also the most convoluted.
Congress would file suit in federal court, beginning the lengthy process of litigating the viability of the subpoena and of the privileges invoked by the witness to avoid testifying.

What do you think?

Should Congress try and enforce their subpoenas? How? Or should the Trump administration continue refuse them? Take action and tell your reps, then share your thoughts below.

—Josh Herman

(Photo Credit: iStock / ftwitty)

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","cta_type":"reactions","share_count":89,"published_at":"2019-11-05T19:24:29.503Z","is_countable_article":true,"allow_advocacy":true,"profile_id":1,"signed":false,"signatures_count":null,"signatures_goal":100,"signable_progress":0,"video_url":null,"video_dimensions":null,"video_aspect_ratio":null}],"users":[{"name":"Wendy","vote_count":133,"photos":{"large":"https://assets.causes.com/user/avatar/default-2.png","small":"https://assets.causes.com/user/avatar/default-2.png","tiny":"https://assets.causes.com/user/avatar/default-2.png"},"links":{"following":"/api/users/BmyL0zgZ/following","followers":"/api/users/BmyL0zgZ/followers"},"about_me":null,"twitter_id":null,"facebook_id":null,"youtube_id":null,"google_plus_id":null,"website":null,"slug":null,"issue_count":9,"is_following":null,"influence_score":330,"influence_level":20,"follower_count":7,"following_count":2,"position_count":55,"id":"BmyL0zgZ","partner_id":null},{"name":"Maryjane","vote_count":689,"photos":{"large":"https://assets.causes.com/user/avatar/default-2.png","small":"https://assets.causes.com/user/avatar/default-2.png","tiny":"https://assets.causes.com/user/avatar/default-2.png"},"links":{"following":"/api/users/e9XKj1qm/following","followers":"/api/users/e9XKj1qm/followers"},"about_me":"","twitter_id":null,"facebook_id":null,"youtube_id":null,"google_plus_id":null,"website":null,"slug":null,"issue_count":48,"is_following":null,"influence_score":3365,"influence_level":30,"follower_count":131,"following_count":70,"position_count":108,"id":"e9XKj1qm","partner_id":null},{"name":"jimK","vote_count":543,"photos":{"large":"https://assets.causes.com/user/avatar/9odrQBnb/large_9odrqbnb-1557000969.jpg","small":"https://assets.causes.com/user/avatar/9odrQBnb/small_9odrqbnb-1557000969.jpg","tiny":"https://assets.causes.com/user/avatar/9odrQBnb/tiny_9odrqbnb-1557000969.jpg"},"links":{"following":"/api/users/9odrQBnb/following","followers":"/api/users/9odrQBnb/followers"},"about_me":"Retired, Politically Independent. Won’t listen to slogans, chanted mantras or generally any kind of marketing spin or “rebranding” crap. I firmly believe that everyone else is entitled to their erroneous opinions. Citizen vigilance and due diligence is price we must pay to live in a thriving, functional democracy.\nI fear that our citizens are too easily swayed by politician’s pablum about “babies”, “jobs” and now, in particular, perceived “enemies”. I fear that a citizenry focused on the “here-and-now” is easily tricked by short term benefits that have negative long-term consequences. I fear that our legislators are more concerned about buffing their constituents than looking out for the long-term welfare of our country- and are way too eager to provide those short-term benefits to the “here-and-now” crowd.\nI fear that honor is generally being sacrificed/replaced by expediency. I hear politicians eloquently argue for one side of an issue and later, when it’s to their benefit, just as eloquently argue for the opposite side. OK, so they are good at arguing- but what is that they actually believe? What is it that they actually stand for? An honorable person has values that persist even when it is not convenient or expedient. An honorable person has a moral compass that stops them from doing something wrong even if it is not illegal. A foul is a foul- even if the referee doesn’t catch you.\nI fear that each of our federal governmental branches have devised or discovered shortcuts which tend to protect them from the checks and balances our founders intended.","twitter_id":null,"facebook_id":null,"youtube_id":null,"google_plus_id":null,"website":null,"slug":"jimk","issue_count":4,"is_following":null,"influence_score":44430,"influence_level":40,"follower_count":1513,"following_count":81,"position_count":538,"id":"9odrQBnb","partner_id":null}],"article_comment":{"flagged":false,"id":1075670,"body":"just like raising children, do not issue a rule that you are not going to enforce. I 100% endorse the impeachment proceedings and feel there must be follow thru on the subpoena issued or you have in effect said the white house is above the law and constitution","parent_type":"Article","parent_id":36329,"created_at":"2019-10-17T16:58:21.572Z","liked":false,"like_count":2,"links":{"self":"https://www.causes.com/comments/1075670","likers":"https://www.causes.com/api/v1/likers?likeable_id=1075670&likeable_type=Comment"},"article_id":36329,"shareable_image_url":"https://n.causes.com/share-images/comments/1075670.png","note":{"text":"Yes","color":"#624960","stance":"yes"},"note_text":"Yes","note_color":"#624960","user_id":"BmyL0zgZ","liker_ids":["e9XKj1qm","9odrQBnb"]}}

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